Philosophy: This philosophy began in Baghdad in the middle
of the 8th century, and in France in the court of Charlemagne.It is
defined partly by the process of rediscovering the ancient culture developed in
Greece and Rome and partly by the need to address theological problems to integrate
sacred doctrine with secular learning.
The history of medieval philosophy is
traditionally divided into two main periods: the period in the Latin West when
the works of Aristotle and Plato were preserved and cultivated and the 'golden
age', which witnessed the culmination of the recovery of ancient philosophy,
along with a reception of its Arabic commentators, and significant developments
in the field of religion, logic and metaphysics.
Modern historians consider the medieval era
to be one of philosophical development, heavily influenced by Christian
theology.
Science and Math:
People
were very interested in scientific observation. Together with Islamic scientists,
they learned a lot about plants and astronomy. One important kind of medieval science was alchemy,
which we call chemistry today. Alchemists tried to find ways to help people
live forever, and they were especially interested in turning lead into gold to
get rich.
Logic was an important part of medieval
science, mainly through the Church.In
mathematics, the Middle Ages saw the introduction of Arabic numbers.The new numbers led to a shift in
mathematical interests from geometry to algebra.